Being liked is also a key factor in both professional and personal success. Most people, myself included, really want to be liked-and not just because it feels good.Since people want to hire and promote those who are both competent and nice, this creates a huge stumbling block for women. If a woman seems really nice, she is considered more nice than competent. If a woman is competent, she does not seem nice enough.Heidi, on the other hand, was seen as selfish and not “the type of person you would want to hire or work for.” The same data with a single difference- gender-created vastly different impressions Yet while students respected both Heidi and Howard, Howard came across as a more appealing colleague. The students rated Heidi and Howard as equally competent, which made sense since “their” accomplishments were completely identical.

The case described how Roizen became a successful venture capitalist by using her “outgoing personality … and vast personal and professional network included many of the most powerful business leaders in the technology sector.” Flynn and Anderson assigned half of the students to read Heidi’s story and gave the other half the same story with just one difference-they changed the name “Heidi” to “Howard.” Professors Flynn and Anderson then polled the students about their impressions of Heidi or Howard. They started with a Harvard Business School case study about a real-life entrepreneur named Heidi Roizen.

In 2003, Columbia Business School professor Frank Flynn and New York University professor Cameron Anderson ran an experiment to test perceptions of men and women in the workplace.

You have to take opportunities and make an opportunity fit for you, rather than the other way around.

One of the things I tell people these days is that there is no perfect fit when you’re looking for the next big thing to do.

As a Facebook summer intern once told me, 'In my school's computer science department, there are more Daves than girls.' Stereotype threats discourage girls and women from entering technical fields and are one of the key reasons that so few study computer science.When girls are reminded of their gender before a math or science test, even by something as checking off an M or F box at the top of the test, they perform worse

Stereotypically, boys are better at math and science than girls.

More generally earn more than women, so people expect women to earn less.

Most leadership positions are held by men, so women don't expect to achieve them, and that becomes one of the reasons they don't.

Millenial women are less likely than their male peers to characterize themselves as 'leaders', 'visionaries', 'self-confident', and 'willing to take risks'

A recent survey of Millenials found that women were just as likely to describe themselves as ambitious as men.

The leadership ambition gap, what would you do if you weren't afraid

Lean in sheryl sandberg chapter summary